This op-ed by Prof. Njuguna Ndung’u was published on 26th June 2021 in The East African, a leading regional newspaper

November 19, 2021

In this paper, Prof. Ndung’u provides a unique, personal perspective of the development of M-Pesa. He discusses the need as a regulator to balance innovation and systemic risk while promoting competition. Competition was of itself a difficult concept when regulating an innovation being launched by a monopoly into a market for financial services containing dominant institutions. He is frank about the pressure he faced from the banking sector and policy makers and how these challenges were address

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